Scriptures:

Leviticus 19:27 – You will not shave around the sides of your head, nor will you disfigure the edges of your beard.

Leviticus 21:5 – They shall not make baldness upon their head, neither shall they shave off the corner of their beard, nor make any cuttings in their flesh.

Isaiah 15:2 – He is gone up to Bajith, and to Dibon, the high places, to weep: Moab shall howl over Nebo, and over Medeba: on all their heads shall be baldness, and every beard cut off.

Jeremiah 48:37 – For every head shall be bald, and every beard cut: upon all the hands shall be cuttings, and upon the loins sackcloth.

Deuteronomy 22:5 – The apparel of a man shall not be on a woman, neither shall a man put on a woman’s dress; for every one that does these things is an abomination to the Lord thy God.

Leviticus 20:13 – And whoever shall lie with a male as with a woman, they have both wrought abomination; let them die the death, they are guilty.

1 Timothy 1:8-11 – They want to be teachers of the law, but they do not know what they are talking about or what they so confidently affirm. But we know that the Law is good, if one uses it lawfully, realizing the fact that law is not made for a righteous person, but for those who are lawless and rebellious, for the ungodly and sinners, for the unholy and profane, for those who kill their fathers or mothers, for murderers and immoral men and homosexuals and kidnappers and liars and perjurers, and whatever else is contrary to sound teaching, according to the glorious gospel of the blessed God, with which I have been entrusted.

1 Corinthians 6:9 – Or do you not know that the unrighteous will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived; neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor homosexuals, nor thieves, nor the covetous, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor swindlers, will inherit the kingdom of God.

Romans 12:2 – And be not conformed to this world: but be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind, that ye may prove what is that good, and acceptable, and perfect, will of God.

Romans 1:26-17 – For this reason God gave them over to degrading passions; for their women exchanged the natural function for that which is unnatural, and in the same way also the men abandoned the natural function of the woman and burned in their desire toward one another, men with men committing indecent acts and receiving in their own persons the due penalty of their error.

Church Fathers:

“A true man must have no mark of effeminacy visible on his face, or any other part of his body. Let no blot on his manliness, then, ever be found either in his movements or habits.” Clement of Alexandria (c. 195, E), 2.289.

“How womanly it is for one who is a man to comb himself and shave himself with a razor, for the sake of fine effect, and to arrange his hair at the mirror, shave his cheeks, pluck hairs out of them, and smooth them! … For God wished women to be smooth and to rejoice in their locks alone growing spontaneously, as a horse in his mane. But He has adorned man, like the lions, with a beard, and endowed him as an attribute of manhood, with a hairy chest, a sign of strength and rule.” – Clement of Alexandria (vol. 2, p. 275)

“This, then, is the mark of the man, the beard. By this, he is seen to be a man. It is older than Eve. It is the token of the superior nature…. It is therefore unholy to desecrate the symbol of manhood, hairiness.” – Clement of Alexandria (vol. 2, p. 276)

“It is not lawful to pluck out the beard, man’s natural and noble adornment.” – Clement of Alexandria, The Instructor, Book 3, Chap. 1; “On the True Beauty”)

But let the chin have the hair… For an ample beard suffices for men. And if one, too, shave a part of his beard, it must not be made entirely bare, for this is a disgraceful sight. The shaving of the chin to the skin is reprehensible, approaching to plucking out the hair and smoothing. For instance, thus the Psalmist, delighted with the hair of the beard, says, “As the ointment that descends on the beard, the beard of Aaron.” Having celebrated the beauty of the beard by a repetition, he made the face to shine with the ointment of the Lord. Clement of Alexandria (A.D. 195) Ante-Nicene Fathers vol.2 pg.286

The moustache similarly, which is dirtied in eating, is to be cut round, not by the razor, for that were not well-bred, but by a pair of cropping scissors. But the hair on the chin is not to be disturbed, as it gives no trouble, and lends to the face dignity and paternal terror. Clement of Alexandria (A.D. 195) Ante-Nicene Fathers vol.2 pg.286

“Are there, in our case too, some things which, in respect of the sobriety we are to maintain on account of the fear due to God, are disallowed? If it is true, (as it is,) that in men, for the sake of women (just as in women for the sake of men), there is implanted, by a defect of nature, the will to please; and if this sex of ours acknowledges to itself deceptive trickeries of form peculiarly its own—(such as) to cut the beard too sharply; to pluck it out here and there; to shave round about (the mouth); to arrange the hair, and disguise its hoariness by dyes; to remove all the incipient down all over the body; to fix (each particular hair) in its place with (some) womanly pigment; to smooth all the rest of the body by the aid of some rough powder or other: then, further, to take every opportunity for consulting the mirror; to gaze anxiously into it:— while yet, when (once) the knowledge of God has put an end to all wish to please by means of voluptuous attraction, all these things are rejected as frivolous, as hostile to modesty. For where God is, there modesty is; there is sobriety her assistant and ally. How, then, shall we practice modesty without her instrumental mean, that is, without sobriety? How, moreover, shall we bring sobriety to bear on the discharge of (the functions of) modesty, unless seriousness in appearance and in countenance, and in the general aspect of the entire man, mark our carriage?” – Tertullian, On The Apparel of Women, Book 2, chapter 8

“And although it is written, ‘Ye shall not mar the figure of your beard,’ he plucks out his beard, and dresses his hair; and does he now study to please any one who displeases God?” -Saint Cyprian, On the Lapsed (A.D. 250)

“The beard must not be plucked. ‘You will not deface the figure of your beard.’” (Leviticus 19:27)
~St. Cyprian, 5.553

“The nature of the beard contributes in an incredible degree to distinguish the maturity of bodies, or to distinguish the sex, or to contribute to the beauty of manliness and strength; so that it appears that the system of the whole work would not have been in agreement, if anything had been made otherwise than it is.” – Lactantius, On the Workmanship of God, chapter 7 (303 AD)

“Though in the form of men, they… curl their hair with curling pins, make the skin of the body smooth, and they walk with bare knees. In every other type of wantonness, they lay aside the strength of their masculinity and grow effeminate in women’s habits and luxury.” Arnobius, Against the Heathen, book 2, paragraph 41 (circa 305 AD)

To make the face “smooth” means to shave it, as Arnobius clarifies repeatedly:

Lo, if some witty and cunning king were to remove the Sun from his place before the gate and transfer him to that of Mercury, and again were to carry off Mercury and make him migrate to the shrine of the Sun.— for both are made beardless by you, and with smooth faces.— and to give to this one rays of light to place a little cap on the Sun’s head, how will you be able to distinguish between them, whether this is the Sun, or that Mercury, since dress, not the peculiar appearance of the face, usually points out the gods to you? – Arnobius, Against the Heathen, book 6, chapter 12

 For why should I mention that the dignity of Aesculapius was mocked by him? For when Dionysius was spoiling him of his very ample beard, which was of great weight and philosophic thickness, he said that it was not right that a son sprung from Apollo, a father smooth and beardless, and very like a mere boy, should be formed with such a beard that it was left uncertain which of them was father, which son, or rather whether they were of the same race and family. Now, when all these things were being done, and the robber was speaking with impious mockery, if the deity was concealed in the statue consecrated to his name and majesty, why did he not punish with just and merited vengeance the affront of stripping his face of its beard and disfiguring his countenance, and show by this, both that he was himself present, and that he kept watch over his temples and images without ceasing? – Arnobius, Against the Heathen, book 6, chapter 21

And if you would please God and not men, and look and hope for the life and rest everlasting, adorn not your natural beauty which is given you from God, but with humility of neglect make it mean before men. In like manner also you shall not nourish the hair of your head, but do you shear it off; and you shall not comb and adorn it, nor anoint it, lest you bring upon you such women as ensnare, or are ensnared, by lust. Neither shall you put on fine raiment, nor be shod on your feet with shoes which are fashioned according to the lust of folly; nor shall you put upon your fingers rings of gold device: for all these things are the wiles of harlotry, and every thing that you do apart from nature. For to you, a faithful man of God, it is not permitted to nourish the hair of your head and to comb and smooth it, which is a wantonness of lust; neither shall you arrange and adorn it, nor adjust it so that it may be beautiful. And you shall not destroy the hairs of your beard [Leviticus 19.27], nor alter the natural form of your face and change it to other than God created it, because that you desire to please men. But if you do these things, your soul shall be deprived of life, and you shall be rejected before the Lord God. As a man therefore who would please God, take heed you do no such things; and avoid all those things which the Lord hates.” – Ordinances of the Apostles, book 1, chapter 2

“Men may not destroy the hair of their beards and unnaturally change the form of a man. For the Law says, ‘You will not deface your beards.’ For God the Creator has made this decent for woman, but has determined that is unsuitable for men. But if you do these things to please men, in contradiction to the law, you will be abominable with God, who created you after His own image.” – Apostolic Constitutions (compiled A.D. 300)

“Just think now what a disgrace it would be for a man having a flowing beard, and with staff in hand, and cope on shoulders, to go to school with children, and be set the same tasks with them: would it not be above measure ridiculous?” – John Chrysostom (Homily 10 on the Acts of the Apostles)

Why would it be ridiculous? Because an old man ought to be the instructor, not the student alongside children. If this is obvious, then the antithesis should also be apparent. It would be disgraceful for anyone in a position of leadership in the church to have a shaved face.

But what is worse, and the opposite error, some cut off their beards, the mark of manhood, while often letting the hair of their heads grow long. And as to the beard, the sacred instruction and teaching in the Ordinances of the Apostles says not to “spoil,” that is, not to cut the beard, and not to deck oneself with meretricious ornaments or have the approach of pride as a copy of righteousness. – Epiphanius, Panarion, 7,1

“The beard signifies the courageous; the beard distinguishes the grown men, the earnest, the active, the vigorous. So that when we describe such, we say, he is a bearded man.” – Augustine (Exposition on Psalm 133, 6)